Is fullerenes safe during pregnancy?

Pregnancy-Safe Alternatives to fullerenes | VeriMom

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See also

• Is fullerenes safe for babies?
• What are pregnancy-safe alternatives to fullerenes?

Frequently asked questions

Is fullerenes safe during pregnancy?

Animal and toxicology studies report maternal–fetal distribution of C60 and adverse effects on placental development and fetal outcomes for some fullerene formulations/derivatives (e.g., PVP‑C60, fullerenols), supporting suspected reproductive/developmental hazard (NTP toxicology report; rodent studies). No EU Annex II ban or harmonised CLP H360/H361 classification was found for CAS 99685‑96‑8, so classification is based on animal evidence rather than harmonised legal classification. ([ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK561354/?utm_source=openai))

Is fullerenes safe while breastfeeding?

Mechanistic and animal data show maternal distribution of C60 to reproductive tissues and placenta; by analogy there is plausible transfer to milk or neonatal exposure for some formulations, though direct lactation studies are limited. Dermal cosmetic use yields low but measurable exposure; therefore breastfeeding risk is suspected where formulations enable systemic uptake. ([ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK561354/?utm_source=openai))

Is fullerenes safe for baby skin?

Fullerenes are used in cosmetics (C60/C70 and derivatives detected in commercial products). Nanoparticles can penetrate or be more bioavailable on immature infant skin; because animal studies show developmental/placental effects for some forms, and topical products can contain measurable amounts, infant skin exposure is of greater concern (exposure score increased by +1 for infants). Direct infant dermal studies are lacking. ([pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3725139/?utm_source=openai))

How does VeriMom score fullerenes?

VeriMom scores fullerenes at 40/100 (medium risk) based on EU CosIng status, ECHA hazard classifications, and peer-reviewed PubMed studies. Our scoring pipeline is fully transparent.

What are pregnancy-safe alternatives to fullerenes?

See our curated list of pregnancy-safe alternatives to fullerenes based on similar function and a no-known-risks safety band.